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| 作者 | 林玟伶
Lin, Wen-ling |
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| 出版日期 | 202601 |
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| 類別 | 研究論文 Research Article |
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| 篇名 |
美術館與我想像的不一樣？ 中高齡與高齡非觀眾的美術館經驗探究
Art Museums Are Not What They Imagined: Exploring the Art Museum Experiences of Middle-aged and Elderly Non-visitors
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| 專題 |
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| 刊名 | 博物館學季刊 |
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| 卷 | 40 |
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| 期 | 1 |
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| 頁數 | 31 |
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| 主題 | 博物館學 |
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| 關鍵字 | 高齡者;非觀眾;美術館經驗;轉化學習;情境脈絡模型;older adults;non-visitors;museum experience;transformative learning;contextual model of learning |
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| 摘要 | 高齡者的社會參與有助於其維持社會關係，減少孤獨與孤立，更能夠促進創意老化，降低年齡歧視。我國高齡者比例逐年上升，然參與博物館的比例持續偏低。此外，觀眾研究領域中對於高齡群體的認識相對不足，特別是鮮有機會參觀美術館的高齡者。本研究以 Falk 和 Dierking (1992;2012) 的情境學習模型，以及 Mezirow 的轉化學習理論為基礎，探討中高齡與高齡的美術館經驗及其轉化學習，進而瞭解參觀美術館對其產生的影響。本研究在 2023 至 2024 年進行，以臺北市立美術館為研究場域，採訪 6 位 55 歲以上的中高齡與 4 位 65 歲以上的高齡非觀眾，並在參觀後 10 個月內進行追蹤訪談。本研究發現中高齡與高齡非觀眾對美術館的態度受到過去經驗影響，而產生缺乏興趣或門檻過高等心理因素阻礙。參觀美術館的過程，除呼應情境學習模型理論外，應特別重視個人生理需求對於美術館經驗的影響。從轉化學習的角度，本研究指出美術館經驗本身對中高齡與高齡非觀眾而言即是轉化學習的歷程，意味著透過參觀美術館的過程，能轉變對於美術館既有的刻板印象，從而學習到藝術對於生活的啟發。透過追蹤訪談，發現有半數的受訪者表示，美術館經驗對其生活產生影響，而有進一步的行動，轉變了原本對於美術館沒有興趣的態度，進而對藝術或展覽經驗的再追求。研究結論凸顯美術館做為高齡學習與社會參與場域的潛力，並強調針對高齡非觀眾需求之友善設計，以及具共融性的文化參與策略之必要性。
For older adults, social participation supports social connections, reduces loneliness, promotes creative aging, and mitigates ageism. In Taiwan, the population of older adults is increasing. However, older adults remain underrepresented among museum visitors. Visitor studies on this demographic, particularly those who rarely visit art museums, remain limited. This study draws on Falk and Dierking’s Contextual Model of Learning and Mezirow’s transformative learning theory to explore how art museum experiences shape learning and perceptions among older non-visitors. Interviews were conducted at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum from 2023 to 2024 with six middle-aged to elderly participants aged 55 and above and four elderly non-visitors aged 65 and above. Post-visit follow-up interviews were conducted within 10 months of the initial interviews.
Findings revealed that psychological barriers such as disinterest and perceived inaccessibility were shaped by prior experience. Positive experiences were strongly influenced by attention to physiological needs, including seating, readable guides, and age-friendly environments. Visiting the museum triggered a re-evaluation of assumptions and a process of personal discovery of meaning in art. Half of the participants reported lasting impacts and increased interest in viewing exhibitions. This study highlights the potential of art museums
as inclusive spaces for later life learning and calls for age-friendly strategies that respond to the needs of older non-visitors. |
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| 全文 |  |
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| DOI | DOI: 10.6686/MuseQ.202601_40(1).0002 |
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| 系統號 | NO000004538 |
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