學術資源整合系統-相關推薦
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| 作者 | Chen, Shu-Juo |
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| 出版日期 | 20230531 |
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| 著作名稱 | The Ethnic Differences of Repatriating Anthropological Relics in Taiwan Museums
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| 會議名稱 | SPNHC 2023 Annual Meeting |
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| 會議地點 | San Francisco |
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| 主辦單位 | Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections |
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| 國際性會議 | Y |
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| 主題 | 博物館學;民族 |
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| 關鍵字 | Taiwan indigenous peoples; repatriation; anthropological relics |
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| 摘要 | Since 1980s, both Han and Indigenous peoples have made requests to the museum for the repatriation of cultural relics, but so far, only the Han cultural relics have been returned. Regarding to the history of anthropological collection in Taiwan museums, the National Taiwan Museum started in 1915, and the National Taiwan University started in 1928, in the Japanese rule period. The Academia Sinica was established in China in 1928 and moved to Taiwan after Chinese Civil War in 1949. Most of the anthropological relics of these early established museums were collected by researchers in the fields. After 1980, more than a hundred of museums were successively established in Taiwan. However, as dealers entered the antiquities markets, most of the anthropological relics collected in the newly established museums were purchased from dealers.
In contrast, human bones were only collected in National Taiwan University by physical anthropologists before 1960s. In 1973, the skeleton of an indigenous leader who died in the rebel against Japanese regime in 1930 was repatriated by National Taiwan University. However, this is the only repatriation case so far for indigenous relics, and the human bones. No any other indigenous relics were repatriated after 1973, and still many bones have been sought to return but still unsuccessfully.
Till now about 10 Han cultural relics have been returned from different museums to Han communities. In contrast, none of indigenous cultural relics have been returned. Ironically, from 2012 to the present, 4 indigenous cultural relics collected in the museum have been registered as Taiwan National Treasures due to Cultural Heritage Preservation Act. Among them, in order to apply for the National Treasure position, National Taiwan University invented new marriage and brotherhood ceremony for university museum and the relics-originated indigenous communities, so that the community would agree the university museum to keep collecting their relics. These two ceremonies aroused criticism about the whether the National Treasure policy have the adverse effects of keeping ancestral objects permanently out of the indigenous communities from which they originate.
Why Taiwan museums were easier to return Han cultural relics than to return indigenous ones? Since most the curators, collection managers, researchers, and officers in Taiwan museums are ethnic Han, indigenous relics were easily being seen as others’ relics. We were easy to negotiate the management of our people’s relics due to the same ethnic background, but hard to deal with other’s relics with others. Today, there is no indigenous curator or collection manager employed in Taiwan museums, and is no indigenous theme museum in Taiwan. Therefore, indigenous talents will be the most critical factor in reversing this situation. |
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| 系統號 | NO000006816 |
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